Adopting a structural (or causal) approach to operational risk assessment carries a wide range of benefits, not only in terms of determining a more meaningful capital number but also by allowing for more effective risk management. In this research report, we demonstrate the application of causal techniques on operational risk with reference to a case study firm in the Asian insurance market. To test the potential for implementing Milliman’s approach based on complexity science in markets with less developed risk frameworks (such as some Asian countries), we partnered with a major Taiwanese life insurance company to carry out a case study covering one particular area of operational risk.