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Publications
Read their latest work
Article
7 considerations for pricing annuities in a VM-22 PBR world
16 February 2026 - by Collin Davidson, Ricardo Trachtman
We discuss seven important considerations as insurers adapt their pricing models and philosophy in the new world of principle-based reserving.
Article
Understanding and modeling interest rate sensitivity on fixed index annuity
20 December 2025 - by Gordon Klein, Ricardo Trachtman, Hanbo Zhang
To model the interest rate impact on FIA products, insurers need to balance industry intelligence with the uniqueness of their own block.
Article
Current state of principle-based reserving for non-variable annuities (VM-22)
10 May 2024 - by Yan Fridman, Zi Xiang Low, Zohair Motiwalla, Ricardo Trachtman, Karthik Yadatore
We look at the key elements of a principle-based-reserving framework for statutory reserving, known as “VM-22” and under review by NAIC.
Article
Milliman Fixed Indexed Annuity and Multi-Year Guaranteed Annuity lapse experience study
29 February 2024 - by Yan Fridman, Ben Johnson, Ricardo Trachtman, Nathan Wilbanks, Karthik Yadatore
We conducted a survey of 13 Fixed Indexed Annuity (FIA) and Multi-Year Guaranteed Annuity (MYGA) writers on several aspects of dynamic adjustments to base lapse rates due to differences between their current and perceived market or competitor crediting rates.
Article
Registered index-linked annuity cap-setting methodologies
31 January 2023 - by Fiona Ng, Jordan Rosenfeld, Ricardo Trachtman, Karthik Yadatore
We examine the long-term impacts of carriers holding the cap-setting methods fixed over time, versus switching between RILA cap-setting methods.
